1. 2021B
  2. 2021B

2021B

NOIRLab TAC Results and Statistics 2021B

NOAO Proposal Statistics by Telescope and Instrument for 2021B

The following tables list 2021B proposal request statistics for telescopes and instruments in the US ground-based observing system coordinated by NOAO. Only the 375 new proposals submitted to the 2021B NOAO TAC are included here (not Surveys, NASA GO programs, or ongoing long-term programs).

 

Mt Kent Observatory
Telescope/Instrument    Proposals       "Runs"       Total Nights    Dark Nights Percentage
Dark		 Average
Nights/Run
MINERVA-Australis     1     1   11.0     0.0     0 11.0
    MINERVA     1     1   11.0     0.0     0 11.0
 
 

Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory
Telescope/Instrument    Proposals       "Runs"       Total Nights    Dark Nights Percentage
Dark		 Average
Nights/Run
CT-4m   23   28   97.0   33.1   34 3.5
    COSMOS     2     2     6.0     0.0     0 3.0
    DECam   21   26   91.0   33.1   36 3.5
 
SOAR   32   45   72.8   31.5   43 1.6
    Goodman   22   29   43.8   17.5   40 1.5
    SAMHR     1     1     1.0     0.0     0 1.0
    SAMI     1     1     0.5     0.0     0 0.5
    SOI     4     6   14.2   14.0   99 2.4
    Spartan     3     3     4.1     0.0     0 1.4
    TSpec     4     5     9.2     0.0     0 1.8
 
CT-1.5m   17   17   56.8     0.0     0 3.3
    CHIRON   17   17   56.8     0.0     0 3.3
 
CT-0.9m     1     1   10.0     0.0     0 10.0
    CFIM     1     1   10.0     0.0     0 10.0
 
 

Kitt Peak National Observatory
Telescope/Instrument    Proposals       "Runs"       Total Nights    Dark Nights Percentage
Dark		 Average
Nights/Run
WIYN   27   37   51.3     5.8   11 1.4
    NEIDQ   21   30   35.9     2.8     8 1.2
    NESSIQ     5     5   11.3     0.0     0 2.3
    ODI     2     2     4.0     3.0   75 2.0
 
 

Gemini North
Telescope/Instrument    Proposals       "Runs"       Total Nights    Dark Nights Percentage
Dark		 Average
Nights/Run
GEM-N 136 202 179.6   32.3   18 0.9
    Alopeke   12   12   11.5     1.2   11 1.0
    GMOSN   57   94   58.5   21.8   37 0.6
    GNIRS   16   17   15.0     0.1     1 0.9
    GRACES     8     8   10.0     0.0     0 1.2
    HSC     9     9   13.0     5.7   44 1.4
    Maroon-X   17   17   48.6     0.0     0 2.9
    NIFS     9   17   10.4     3.0   29 0.6
    NIRI   14   23     9.2     0.0     0 0.4
    VIS     5     5     3.4     0.5   15 0.7
 
 

Gemini South
Telescope/Instrument    Proposals       "Runs"       Total Nights    Dark Nights Percentage
Dark		 Average
Nights/Run
GEM-S 114 159 109.7   17.4   16 0.7
    Flamingos2   17   24   16.9     0.0     0 0.7
    GMOSS   57   88   40.1   16.4   41 0.5
    GSAOI     9   10     9.3     0.0     0 0.9
    IGRINS   27   27   35.2     0.0     0 1.3
    ZorroQ   10   10     8.2     1.0   12 0.8
 
 

W.M. Keck Observatory
Telescope/Instrument    Proposals       "Runs"       Total Nights    Dark Nights Percentage
Dark		 Average
Nights/Run
Keck-I   13   13   13.7     1.4   10 1.1
    HIRES     6     6     6.8     0.0     0 1.1
    LRIS     2     2     1.5     1.0   67 0.8
    MOSFIRE     4     4     3.4     0.4   12 0.8
    OSIRIS-NGS     1     1     2.0     0.0     0 2.0
 
Keck-II     9     9     8.5     7.0   82 0.9
    DEIMOS     2     2     3.0     3.0 100 1.5
    KCWI     4     4     4.0     4.0 100 1.0
    NIRC2-NGS     1     1     0.5     0.0     0 0.5
    NIRSPAO-NGS     1     1     0.5     0.0     0 0.5
    NIRSPEC     1     1     0.5     0.0     0 0.5
 
 

Siding Spring Observatory
Telescope/Instrument    Proposals       "Runs"       Total Nights    Dark Nights Percentage
Dark		 Average
Nights/Run
AAT     2     2     4.0     0.0     0 2.0
    AAOmega     1     1     3.0     0.0     0 3.0
    Veloce     1     1     1.0     0.0     0 1.0
 
 

Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope
Telescope/Instrument    Proposals       "Runs"       Total Nights    Dark Nights Percentage
Dark		 Average
Nights/Run
LCO-2m   16   24   34.9     3.8   11 1.5
    FLOYDS     9     9   16.3     3.1   19 1.8
    MuSCAT3     9   10   15.3     0.7     5 1.5
    Spectral     4     5     3.4     0.0     0 0.7
 
LCO-1m   27   33 154.7   15.7   10 4.7
    NRES     3     4   16.0     0.0     0 4.0
    Sinistro   24   29 138.7   15.7   11 4.8
 
 

CHARA
Telescope/Instrument    Proposals       "Runs"       Total Nights    Dark Nights Percentage
Dark		 Average
Nights/Run
CHARA   24   38   87.0     4.0     5 2.3
    Classic     1     1     4.0     4.0 100 4.0
    MIRC   21   35   77.0     0.0     0 2.2
    PAVO     2     2     6.0     0.0     0 3.0
 

NOAO Approved Programs for 2021B

Approved NOAO Survey Programs

PI Institution Proposal Title Prop. ID Site Tel. Nts.
Carleo, Ilaria Wesleyan University Unveiling the history of the warm Jupiters 2020B-0081 CTIO 1.5m-SVC 6.7
Dell'Antonio, Ian Brown University LoVoCCS: the Local Volume Complete Cluster Survey 2019A-0308 CTIO 4m 8
Drlica-Wagner, Alex Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory DECam Local Volume Exploration Survey 2019A-0305 CTIO 4m 17
Hardegree-Ullman, Kevin California Institute of Technology--IPAC Atmospheric Survey of Giant Exoplanets Discovered by TESS 2019A-0364 CTIO SOAR 5
Leauthaud, Alexie University of California, Santa Cruz The Merian Survey: Characterizing Dark Matter, Feedback, and Black Holes in Star-Forming Dwarf Galaxies 2020B-0288 CTIO 4m 15.5
Lee, Kyoung-Soo Purdue University A 100 Deg^2 DECam Narrow-band Survey for the LSST Era: Tracing the Largest Cosmic Structures in the Distant Universe 2020B-0201 CTIO 4m 15.5
Penny, Matthew Ohio State University Multi-band Imaging Survey for High-Alpha PlanetS (MISHAPS): Surveying the demographics of transiting hot Jupiters in the alpha-rich Galactic bulge 2019A-0315 CTIO 4m 7
Shen, Yue University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign DECam Early Imaging of AGN Reverberation Mapping Fields in SDSS-V 2019A-0065 CTIO 4m 2
Trilling, David Northern Arizona University The Deep DECam Outer Solar System Survey (DDOSSS) 2019A-0337 CTIO 4m 10
  86.7
 

Approved Fermi Programs

PI Institution Proposal Title Prop. ID Site Tel. Nts.
Massaro, Francesco Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino AN OPTICAL VIEW OF THE UNKNOWN GAMMA-RAY SKY 2021B-0901 CTIO 4m 2
  2

 

 

Approved Long Term Programs

PI Institution Proposal Title Prop. ID Site Tel. Nts.
Howell, Steve NASA Ames Research Center Validation and Characterization of TESS Exoplanets with High Resolution Speckle Imaging 2021B-0001 KPNO WIYNQ 16
Aydi, Elias Michigan State University Imaging the Evolution and Expansion of Nova Ejecta 2021A-0042 MtWilson CHARA 2
Boyajian, Tabetha LSU Diameters and Temperatures of Main-Sequence FG Stars 2021A-0141 MtWilson CHARA 3
Brout, Dillon University of Pennsylvania The Next Generation of Low Redshift Cosmology with Type Ia Supernovae 2020B-0053 CTIO 4m 3.5
Collins, Karen Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Coordinated Time-series Photometric Follow-up of TESS Planet Candidates 2020B-0202 LCO 1m 30
Cooke, Jeffrey Swinburne University of Technology Deeper, Wider, Faster: All-wavelength, real-time detection of fast transients and fast radio burst counterparts 2020B-0253 CTIO 4m 3
Ellis, Tyler Louisiana State University Radii of late type-dwarfs, exoplanet hosts, and exoplanet host candidates 2021A-0247 MtWilson CHARA 3
Gallenne, Alexandre European Southern Observatory Multiplicity of Galactic Cepheids from long-baseline interferometry 2019A-0071 MtWilson CHARA 4
Howell, Steve NASA Ames Research Center Validation and Characterization of TESS Exoplanets with High Resolution Speckle Imaging 2021B-0001 KPNO WIYNQ 16
Liu, Xin University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Identifying Binary Supermassive Black Holes from Continued DECam Monitoring of DES-SN Quasars 2019B-0219 CTIO 4m 2
Martini, Paul Ohio State University Weighing distant supermassive black holes: Bridging DES and LSST 2019B-0304 CTIO 4m 0.5
Rest, Armin Space Telescope Science Institute The Young Supernova Experiment 2021A-0275 CTIO 4m 8.5
Rest, Armin Space Telescope Science Institute Photometric Time Series of Carinae's Great Eruption 2021B-0325 CTIO 4m 2.5
Richardson, Noel Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Dynamical Masses for Wolf-Rayet stars 2021B-0159 MtWilson CHARA 0.5
Shen, Yue University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign DECam Imaging of AGN Reverberation Mapping Fields in SDSS-V 2021A-0037 CTIO 4m 1
Smart, Richard National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF) Constraining ultra-cool dwarf formation throughout the history of the Galaxy using the 30pc sample. 2020B-0147 CTIO SOAR 2
Tokovinin, Andrei NSF's National Optical Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory Spectroscopic orbits in nearby triple systems 2020A-0006 CTIO 1.5m-SVC 10
Tokovinin, Andrei NSF's National Optical Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory Orbits of compact triple systems and binaries 2020B-0009 CTIO SOAR 1.5
Vrijmoet, Eliot Halley RECONS Institute & Georgia State University Orbital Architectures of M Dwarf Binaries 2020B-0030 CTIO SOAR 1.5
Wong, Michael University of California, Berkeley Jupiter M-band Mapping during the Juno Extended Mission 2021B-0232 GEM-N GEM-NQ 0.5
  95

 

 

Approved Regular Programs

PI Institution Proposal Title Prop. ID Site Tel. Nts.
Andrews, Jeff CIERA/Northwestern University Detailed Composition of Stars in a Newly Identified Stellar Structure- Theia 456 2021B-0376 GEM-N GEM-N-SVC 1.48
Anugu, Narsireddy University of Arizona Monitoring of convection in Betelgeuse and S Per for studying mass-loss 2021B-0319 MtWilson CHARA 2
Bally, John University of Colorado The Orion bullets 9 years later 2021B-0170 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.75
Bayliss, Matthew University of Cincinnati Characterizing Two Strongly Lensed Galaxies During the Epoch of Re-Ionization 2021B-0390 GEM-S GEM-SQ 1.27
Bean, Jacob University of Chicago A uniform survey of TESS's M dwarf planets with MAROON-X 2021B-0104 GEM-N GEM-NQ 12
Beard, Corey University of California, Irvine Characterizing a Young, Nearby Multi-Planet System with NEID and TESS 2021B-0201 KPNO WIYNQ 1.535
Beard, Corey University of California, Irvine Simultaneous Observations of Kepler Objects With TESS and NEID 2021B-0214 KPNO WIYNQ 2.07
Bechtol, Keith University of Wisconsin, Madison Deep Follow-up Imaging of a Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy at the edge of the Local Group 2021B-0307 CTIO 4m 1
Beck, Tracy Space Telescope Science Institute Understanding Mass Accretion and Outflow Variations Triggered by Binary Orbital Motion 2021B-0413 GEM-N GEM-NQ 0.32
Benzvi, Segev University of Rochester Observing the First Spectroscopically Discovered Tidal Disruption Events with DESI 2021B-0298 LCO 1m-TOO 2
Benzvi, Segev University of Rochester Observing the First Spectroscopically Discovered Tidal Disruption Events with DESI 2021B-0298 LCO 2m 1.25
Betti, Sarah University of Massachusetts, Amherst Probing the Accretion Paradigm for Substellar Objects at 30 M_Jupiter 2021B-0311 CTIO SOAR 4
Blanchard, Peter Northwestern University Probing the Power Sources of Superluminous Supernovae with Nebular Phase Spectroscopy 2021B-0356 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.44
Bolin, Bryce California Institute of Technology Constraining the compositional gradient of the original trans-Neptunian disk 2021B-0126 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.3
Bose, Subhash Ohio State University Follow-up observations of rare and peculiar SNe from ASAS-SN 2021B-0250 LCO 1m 3.5
Bouy, Herve University of Bordeaux, France Dynamical ages of young nearby moving groups 2021B-0024 CTIO 1.5m-SVC 1
Bowler, Brendan University of Texas, Austin Substellar Companions and Dynamical Masses from Accelerating Stars 2021B-0073 KPNO WIYNQ 1
Boyajian, Tabetha LSU KIC 8462852: Wheres The Flux now? 2021B-0085 LCO 1m 8
Brucker, Melissa Lunar and Planetary Lab ToO: Recovery of High Priority Potentially Hazardous Near-Earth Objects 2021B-0407 GEM-N GEM-NQ 0.2
Brucker, Melissa Lunar and Planetary Lab ToO: Recovery of High Priority Potentially Hazardous Near-Earth Objects 2021B-0407 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.2
Bryan, Marta University of California, Berkeley As the Worlds Turn: Constraining the Origin of Gas Giant Planets using Planetary Spin 2021B-0098 GEM-S GEM-SQ 3.01
Buckley-Geer, Elizabeth Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory A Galaxy Redshift Survey of the Line-of-Sight Environments of Four Lensed Quasar Quads 2021B-0208 GEM-S GEM-SQ 1.99
Bufanda, Erica University of Hawaii Volatile Vehicles to the Past: Characterizing the Colors Evolution of Long Period Comets 2021B-0396 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.64
Burgasser, Adam University of California, San Diego L dwarfs with X-ray Superflares: Are they Young or Old? 2021B-0226 CTIO SOAR 1
Carleo, Ilaria Wesleyan University Investigating the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect of TOI-447 2021B-0005 CTIO 1.5m-SVC 1
Carlsten, Scott Princeton University ELVES Survey: Exploration of Local Volume Satellites 2021B-0018 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.56
Carter, Lynn University of Arizona High-resolution spectroscopy of Venus's mysterious ultraviolet absorber 2021B-0143 KPNO WIYNQ 0.015
Catelan, Marcio Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Searching the elusive RR Lyrae companions 2021B-0121 GEM-N GEM-NQ 0.26
Catelan, Marcio Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Searching the elusive RR Lyrae companions 2021B-0121 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.39
Cauley, Paul Wilson University of Colorado KELT-20 b: an ultra-hot Jupiter with retrograde spin? 2021B-0160 KPNO WIYNQ 0.8
Cauley, Paul Wilson University of Colorado Atmospheric dynamics of the ultra-hot Jupiter HAT-P-70 b 2021B-0194 GEM-N GEM-N-SVC 0.55
Chen, Geoff C-F University of California, Los Angeles High-cadence Lens Monitoring for Time Delay Cosmography 2021B-0058 LCO 2m 8
Cooke, Kevin Univ. of Kansas Galactic Winds in A High-z Cluster Environment 2021B-0234 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.83
Coughlin, Michael University of Minnesota Rapid Photometric Follow-up of Kilonova and Afterglow Candidates with LCO 2021B-0021 LCO 1m-TOO 0.6
Coughlin, Michael University of Minnesota Rapid Photometric Follow-up of Kilonova and Afterglow Candidates with LCO 2021B-0021 LCO 2m 0.5
Crossfield, Ian University of Kansas Mass and Spin-Orbit Alignment of a Temperate Neptune 2021B-0013 GEM-N GEM-NQ 1.47
Cucchiara, Antonino College of Marin High-Redshift Gamma-Ray Bursts as Probes of Cosmic Dawn 2021B-0181 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.44
Curtis, Jason Columbia University Characterizing seven promising cluster benchmarks for gyrochronology 2021B-0349 GEM-N GEM-N-SVC 2.3
Dalba, Paul University of California, Riverside Radial Velocity Observations of a New Exomoon Candidate System 2021B-0220 KPNO WIYNQ 0.6
Dalba, Paul University of California, Riverside Radial Velocity Observations of a New Exomoon Candidate System 2021B-0221 Keck Keck-I 0.5
Deason, Alis Durham University The Edge of the Galaxy 2021B-0040 CTIO SOAR 1
Debes, John Space Telescope Science Institute Characterizing white dwarfs in benchmark binaries 2021B-0016 GEM-N GEM-NQ 0.57
Debes, John Space Telescope Science Institute Characterizing white dwarfs in benchmark binaries 2021B-0016 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.84
Dong, Jiayin Pennsylvania State University Mass Measurements of the Young Giant Planet TOI-1268b 2021B-0277 KPNO WIYNQ 0.5
Doyle, Lauren University of Warwick Characterising star-planet architectures and stellar variability with NEID observations 2021B-0091 KPNO WIYNQ 2.7
Dsilva, Karan Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Searching for companions around Wolf-Rayet stars with CHARA 2021B-0227 MtWilson CHARA 2
Erb, Dawn University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee The Circumgalactic Medium in Emission and Absorption 2021B-0287 Keck Keck-II 1
Espaillat, Catherine Boston University Accretion Hot Spots in Young Stars 2021B-0215 LCO 1m 4.9
Fan, Xiaohui University of Arizona Radiative efficiency of the largest quasar accretion disks in the early universe 2021B-0036 CTIO SOAR 4
Fernández-Trincado, José G. Universidad de Atacama Gemini/IGRINS Analysis of the Most Metal-Poor Globular Cluster buried In the Inner Galaxy 2021B-0096 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.16
Foley, Ryan University of California, Santa Cruz Measuring the Effect of Progenitor Metallicity on Type Ia Supernova Distance Estimates 2021B-0197 GEM-N GEM-NQ 0.07
Foley, Ryan University of California, Santa Cruz Measuring the Effect of Progenitor Metallicity on Type Ia Supernova Distance Estimates 2021B-0197 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.07
Foley, Ryan University of California, Santa Cruz Young Supernova Experiment 2021B-0289 LCO 1m-TOO 8
Foley, Ryan University of California, Santa Cruz Young Supernova Experiment 2021B-0289 LCO 2m-TOO 1.2
Fong, Wen-fai Northwestern University Probing the Properties of Neutron Star Mergers: Rapid Observations of Short Gamma-ray Bursts 2021B-0174 GEM-N GEM-NQ 0.76
Fong, Wen-fai Northwestern University Probing the Properties of Neutron Star Mergers: Rapid Observations of Short Gamma-ray Bursts 2021B-0174 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.76
Franson, Kyle University of Texas, Austin Optimizing Target Selection of Direct Imaging Planet Campaigns using Accelerating Stars 2021B-0306 CTIO SOAR 1
Franson, Kyle University of Texas, Austin Optimizing Target Selection of Direct Imaging Planet Campaigns using Accelerating Stars 2021B-0309 KPNO WIYNQ 2
Fremling, Christoffer California Institute of Technology Autonomous Follow-up of Young Supernovae 2021B-0037 LCO 1m-TOO 2.1
Gandhi, Siddharth University of Warwick Exploring the Atmospheric Evaporation of a Terrestrial Exoplanet 2021B-0164 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.32
Gardner, Tyler University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Speckle Imaging of Binaries for the ARMADA Exoplanet Survey 2021B-0359 GEM-N GEM-NQ 0.39
Gardner, Tyler University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Speckle Imaging of Binaries for the ARMADA Exoplanet Survey 2021B-0359 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.33
Garro, Elisa Universidad Andres Bello GEMINI/IGRINS Tomography to Unveil the Nature of New Globular Clusters toward the Inner Galaxy 2021B-0052 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.83
Gaudin, Thomas New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Investigating Mass Transfer in M Type Symbiotic Stars 2021B-0254 MtWilson CHARA 2
Gelino, Christopher California Institute of Technology--IPAC Determining the low-mass cutoff for star formation 2021B-0384 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.39
Graham, Melissa L. Rubin Observatory, University of Washington Deep Drilling in the Time Domain with DECam 2021B-0149 CTIO 4m 7.5
Gupta, Arvind Pennsylvania State University Radial Velocity Follow-up Observations of TESS Single-Transit Planet Candidates 2021B-0070 KPNO WIYNQ 2.5
Hartman, Joel Princeton University Confirming and Characterizing Transiting Planets From HAT+TESS with LCO 2021B-0094 LCO 1m 20
Hartman, Joel Princeton University Confirming and Characterizing Transiting Planets From HAT+TESS with LCO 2021B-0094 LCO 2m 2
Henry, Todd RECONS Institute / Georgia State University Completing a Speckle Survey for Companions to a Volume-Limited Sample of 1219 of the Nearest K Dwarfs 2021B-0196 GEM-S GEM-SQ 2
Hosseinzadeh, Griffin Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Probing the Spectroscopic Diversity of Superluminous Supernovae with FLEET 2021B-0108 GEM-N GEM-NQ 1.87
Hosseinzadeh, Griffin Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Probing the Spectroscopic Diversity of Superluminous Supernovae with FLEET 2021B-0108 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.88
Hosseinzadeh, Griffin Center for Astrophysics textbar{} Harvard & Smithsonian The Global Supernova Project 2021B-0279 LCO 1m 10
Johnson, L Clifton Northwestern University Follow-up of Candidate Transiting Planets Discovered by Citizen Scientists in TESS Data 2021B-0086 CTIO 1.5m-SVC 4
Jones, David University of California, Santa Cruz Using Gemini to build a Near-Infrared Model of Type Ia Supernovae 2021B-0378 GEM-N GEM-NQ 1.88
Kalari, Venu NSF's National Optical Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory Multi-wavelength view of galaxy assembly process on small scales 2021B-0385 GEM-N GEM-NQ 1.15
Kanodia, Shubham Pennsylvania State University Exploring the M dwarf exoplanet Mass-Radius Relationship with NEID and TESS 2021B-0035 KPNO WIYNQ 3.3
Kasliwal, Mansi California Institute of Technology Spectroscopic classification of potential neutrino counterparts identified by ZTF 2021B-0163 GEM-N GEM-NQ 0.3
Kawash, Adam Michigan State University Spectroscopic and Photometric Follow up of Galactic Nova Candidates 2021B-0157 LCO 2m-TOO 0.2
Kilic, Mukremin University of Oklahoma, Norman Finding Gravitational Wave Binaries at Gemini 2021B-0010 GEM-S GEM-SQ 1.82
Kilpatrick, Charles Northwestern University Investigating Supernovae with Direct Progenitor Detections with Las Cumbres Observatory 2021B-0161 LCO 1m 1.7
Kilpatrick, Charles Northwestern University Investigating Supernovae with Direct Progenitor Detections with Las Cumbres Observatory 2021B-0161 LCO 2m 1.4
Kilpatrick, Charles Northwestern University Identifying the Progenitors of Astrophysical Transients 2021B-0195 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.3
Kilpatrick, Charles Northwestern University Detecting the Optical Counterpart to an Extragalactic Fast Radio Burst with Las Cumbres Observatory 2021B-0198 LCO 1m-TOO 0.05
Kilpatrick, Charles Northwestern University Detecting the Optical Counterpart to an Extragalactic Fast Radio Burst with Las Cumbres Observatory 2021B-0198 LCO 2m-TOO 0.05
Konopacky, Quinn University of California, San Diego Abundance Measurements for Directly Imaged Planet Host Stars 2021B-0082 CTIO 1.5m-SVC 1
Kraus, Adam University of Texas, Austin Unveiling the Impact of Binary Stars on Planet Occurrence with Gaia 2021B-0318 KPNO WIYNQ 4
Kumari, Nimisha Space Telescope Science Institute Preparing for JWST/ELT+ALMA era with GMOS-S IFU spectroscopy of BCDs: local analogues of reionization era galaxies. 2021B-0404 GEM-S GEM-SQ 1.32
Labadie-Bartz, Jonathan Universidade de Sao Paulo Intensive time-series spectroscopy of classical Be stars and their disks simultaneous with TESS photometry 2021B-0316 LCO 1m 6
Lawson, Kellen University of Oklahoma, Norman The Origins of Spiral-Arm Structures in Young Protoplanetary Disks 2021B-0258 GEM-N GEM-NQ 0.5
Lebofsky, Larry University of Arizona Astrometric Follow-up of VIs and PHAs 2021B-0042 LCO 2m 0.4
Lester, Kathryn NASA Ames Research Center Characterizing the Orbits of Exoplanet Host Binaries 2021B-0026 GEM-N GEM-NQ 0.43
Lester, Kathryn NASA Ames Research Center Characterizing the Orbits of Exoplanet Host Binaries 2021B-0026 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.5
Liang, Yan Princeton University A New Method to Find Misaligned Binaries 2021B-0081 CTIO 1.5m-SVC 4
Lilly, Eva Planetary Science Institute The Multifaceted Characterization of Centaur Activity 2021B-0102 GEM-N GEM-NQ 0.42
Lilly, Eva Planetary Science Institute The Multifaceted Characterization of Centaur Activity 2021B-0102 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.18
Lin, Hsing-Wen University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Deep L5 Neptunian Trojan Survey 2021A-0062 CTIO 4m 2.5
Lin, Andrea Pennsylvania State University Searching for Nearby Exoplanets Around K-dwarfs with NEID 2021B-0225 KPNO WIYNQ 4.67
Lubin, Jack University of California, Irvine Rossiter-McLaughlin Measurements of a Transiting Terrestrial Planet orbiting HD 219134 2021B-0148 KPNO WIYNQ 0.9
Luhman, Kevin Pennsylvania State University A Survey for Low-mass Stars in Nearby Young Associations 2021B-0019 CTIO 4m 1
Maccarone, Thomas Texas Technical University Proper motions of Black Hole X-ray Binaries 2021B-0107 GEM-S GEM-SQ 2.63
Mace, Gregory University of Texas, Austin H-band Veiling Morphology in Taurus M Dwarfs 2021B-0017 GEM-S GEM-SQ 1.15
Marchesini, Danilo Tufts University The Quest for the Holy Grail: Spectroscopy of a z=4.7 Quiescent Ultra- massive Galaxy Candidate 2021B-0286 Keck Keck-I 1
Massey, Philip Lowell Observatory The Nature of a New Type of Wolf-Rayet Star 2021B-0015 GEM-N GEM-NQ 0.9
Meech, Annabella University of Oxford Probing the atmospheres of the sub-Neptunes in the TOI-270 system 2021B-0261 GEM-S GEM-SQ 2.03
Meech, Karen University of Hawaii 3I - Characterizing the Third Interstellar Object 2021B-0264 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.13
Miller, Adam Northwestern University Two For the Price of One: Helium as a Probe of White Dwarf Double Detonations 2021B-0387 GEM-N GEM-NQ 0.75
Monteiro-Oliveira, Rogério Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC) Witnessing the formation of the large-scale structure: a dynamical study of massive galaxy clusters undergoing extreme mergers 2021B-0421 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.54
Mould, Jeremy Swinburne University of Technology Microlensing detection of primordial black holes 2021B-0023 CTIO 4m 8.5
Nanni, Riccardo University of California, Santa Barbara Paving the Way for Euclid and JWST via Optimal Selection of High-z Quasars 2021B-0136 GEM-S GEM-SQ 1.02
Narayan, Gautham University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign The Young Supernova Experiment: Creating the Reference low-z Supernova Sample for Cosmology 2021B-0395 GEM-N GEM-NQ 1.1
Narayan, Gautham University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign The Young Supernova Experiment: Creating the Reference low-z Supernova Sample for Cosmology 2021B-0395 GEM-S GEM-SQ 1.1
Nielsen, Eric New Mexico State University Orbits of Moving Group Binaries: Constaining the Ages of Planet-Hosting Moving Groups with LCO/NRES radial velocities 2021B-0293 LCO 1m 5
Nofi, Larissa Aerospace Corporation Characterization of RV Scatter in Pre-Main Sequence Systems 2021B-0299 KPNO WIYNQ 3.0915
Orton, Glenn Jet Propulsion Laboratory High-resolution 3-dimensional near-infrared mapping of Jupiter's evolving aerosol structure during the Juno mission PJ36-PJ39 2021B-0377 GEM-N GEM-NQ 0.75
Pasham, Dheeraj Massachusetts Institute of Technology Constraining the unknown UV/optical emission mechanism in tidal disruption events with long-slit Gemini-N/GMOS observations 2021B-0191 GEM-N GEM-NQ 1.94
Pechetti, Renuka Liverpool John Moores University Hunting for stripped galaxy nuclei and black holes around M31 2021B-0177 GEM-N GEM-NQ 1.24
Phadke, Kedar University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Followup of extragalactic mm-wavelength transients discovered with SPT-3G 2021B-0388 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.6
Pino, Lorenzo INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri Atmospheric structure, chemistry and heating processes in the day-side of the hottest gaseous giants with MAROON-X 2021B-0168 GEM-N GEM-NQ 2.7
Points, Sean NSF's National Optical Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory Deep [S II] Survey of the LMC with DECam 2021B-0060 CTIO 4m 8
Prato, Lisa Lowell Observatory Young Binaries, Disk Dissipation, and Planet Formation 2021B-0324 Keck Keck-II 0.5
Prochaska, Jason University of California, Santa Cruz Searching for Optical Counterparts to the Repeating FRB 180916 2021B-0179 GEM-N GEM-NQ 0.25
Quinn, Sam Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Characterization of TESS planet hosts with CHIRON 2021B-0144 CTIO 1.5m-SVC 10
Quinn, Sam Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics The hottest rocky planet from TESS 2021B-0328 KPNO WIYNQ 1.8
Rasmussen, Kaitlin University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Phase-Resolved High Spectral Resolution Investigation of Hot Jupiters 2021B-0097 GEM-S GEM-SQ 1
Rho, Jeonghee SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center A Campaign to Observe CO and Dust Formation and Temporal Evolution in Nearby Core-Collapse Supernovae 2021B-0169 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.69
Richardson, Noel Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University A new absorption component in eta Car: Intrinsic or Interstellar? 2021B-0334 CTIO 1.5m-SVC 1
Robertson, Paul University of California, Irvine Multi-Wavelength Doppler Spectroscopy of M dwarfs with Bright Starspots 2021B-0067 KPNO WIYNQ 0.661
Rodriguez, Joseph Michigan State University Confirmation and Characterization of Dynamically Young Jupiters to Understand Giant Planet Migration 2021B-0142 CTIO 1.5m-SVC 5
Rodriguez, Joseph Michigan State University Confirmation and Characterization of Dynamically Young Jupiters to Understand Giant Planet Migration 2021B-0142   MINERVA-AustralisQ 11
Rodriguez, Joey Michigan State University Extending the Science Yield of TESS to Cool Jupiters 2021B-0302 CTIO 1.5m-SVC 3
Roettenbacher, Rachael Yale University Disentangling Stellar Activity and Planetary Signatures with the First Interferometric Images of Sunlike Stars 2021B-0153 MtWilson CHARA 5.5
Romani, Roger Stanford University The Ha structure near PSR J2030+4415 2021B-0014 GEM-N GEM-NQ 0.17
Rotermund, Kaja Dalhousie University Spectroscopic followup of three protocluster fields at z>4 2021B-0416 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.81
Roy, Arpita Space Telescope Science Institute Benchmarking (epsilon) Eridani: Planet Searches in the Realm of Detailed Chromatic Activity Characterization 2021B-0326 KPNO WIYNQ 0.75
Russo, Neil Dello Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory Keck/NIRSPEC observations of Rosetta target 67P: The missing link between ground-based and in-situ databases of cometary volatiles 2021B-0313 Keck Keck-II 0.5
Salinas, Ricardo NSF's National Optical Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory Constraining a multiple stellar origin of blue stragglers 2021B-0172 GEM-N GEM-NQ 1.82
Salinas, Ricardo NSF's National Optical Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory MADS: The MAgellanic clouds Delta Scuti survey 2021B-0274 CTIO 4m 2
Sand, David University of Arizona Rapid Spectroscopy of Very Young Supernovae at D<40 Mpc 2021B-0167 GEM-N GEM-NQ 0.44
Sand, David University of Arizona Rapid Spectroscopy of Very Young Supernovae at D<40 Mpc 2021B-0167 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.44
Sand, David University of Arizona A Subaru-HSC Survey of the Ultra-faint Satellite System of NGC3109: A First Beyond the Local Group 2021B-0205 GEM-N GEM-NQ 2.1
Sandquist, Eric San Diego State University Precise Ages from Masses - Bright Resolved Binaries in Praesepe and (alpha) Persei Clusters 2021B-0312 MtWilson CHARA 2
Sazonova, Elizaveta Johns Hopkins University Demystifying the Path to Quiescence: Gas Suppression and Outflows in Shocked Post-Starburst Galaxies 2021B-0255 GEM-N GEM-NQ 1.62
Scharwaechter, Julia NSF's National Optical Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory Multi-phase view on AGN feedback in the Close AGN Reference Survey (CARS) 2021B-0389 GEM-N GEM-NQ 1.92
Shanks, Tom Durham University, UK The dependence of quasar accretion disk size on M_BH 2021B-0038 CTIO 4m 0.5
Sharma, Yashvi California Institute of Technology Unveiling the power sources of rare, hydrogen-poor transients in ZTF with LCO follow-up 2021B-0314 LCO 1m 4.8
Sharma, Yashvi California Institute of Technology Unveiling the power sources of rare, hydrogen-poor transients in ZTF with LCO follow-up 2021B-0314 LCO 2m 2
Sheppard, Scott Carnegie Institution of Washington A Uniform Survey for Extreme Trans-Neptunian Objects 2021B-0332 CTIO 4m 4.5
Shporer, Avi Massachusetts Institute of Technology Radial Velocity Confirmation of TESS Warm Jupiter Candidates 2021B-0080 CTIO 1.5m-SVC 3
Sickafoose, Amanda Planetary Science Institute 06 August Stellar Occultation by Pluto 2021B-0049 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.1
Siebert, Matthew University of California, Santa Cruz Host-Galaxy Spectroscopy of Type Ia Supernovae 2021B-0393 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.38
Simha, Sunil University of California, Santa Cruz Pre-Imaging of Foreground Contributors to FRB Dispersion Measures 2021B-0303 CTIO 4m 1.5
Simha, Sunil University of California, Santa Cruz Pre-Imaging of Foreground Contributors to FRB Dispersion Measures 2021B-0303 CTIO SOAR 3
Siverd, Robert NSF's National Optical Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory Mass and radius determination of a bright eclipsing giant system with CHARA 2021B-0341 MtWilson CHARA 1
Smith, Peter Arizona State University Confirmation of a Carbon Isotopologue in the Atmosphere of a Transiting Hot Jupiter 2021B-0268 GEM-S GEM-SQ 1.63
Soraisam, Monika University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Panchromatic follow-up of faint optical transients in nearby galaxies 2021B-0041 LCO 2m-TOO 0.7
Stanghellini, Letizia NSF's National Optical Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory Molecular hydrogen imaging of Magellanic Cloud planetary nebulae (PNe): Towards upper limits on PN progenitors and lower limits on supernova progenitors 2021B-0100 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.9
Stefansson, Gudmundur Princeton University Constraining the Obliquities of the Young Neptunes Orbiting TOI-942 2021B-0357 GEM-N GEM-NQ 1.15
Strausbaugh, Robert University of the Virgin Islands Searching for Signals from the First Stars 2021B-0039 LCO 1m-TOO 0.7
Sullivan, Kendall University of Texas, Austin Closing the Gap: Revising the Properties of Radius-Gap Planets in Binary Star Systems 2021B-0133 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.2
Taggart, Kirsty University of California, Santa Cruz Redshifts and chemical abundances of supernova-selected dwarf galaxies 2021B-0403 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.44
Tanner, Angelle Mississippi State University Radial Velocity Follow Up of Exoplanet Candidates Orbiting Cool Low Mass Stars Identified With TESS 2021B-0282 KPNO WIYNQ 1.9
Tejos, Nicolas Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Rapid Imaging and Spectroscopic Follow-up of Fast Radio Bursts 2021B-0367 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.4
Tetarenko, Alexandra East Asian Observatory Probing Relativistic Jets through Optical Timing Observations of X-ray Binaries 2021B-0235 GEM-N GEM-NQ 0.97
Tetarenko, Alexandra East Asian Observatory Probing Relativistic Jets through Optical Timing Observations of X-ray Binaries 2021B-0235 GEM-S GEM-SQ 1.94
Tofflemire, Benjamin University of Texas, Austin The Empirical Mass-Radius Relation from 10 to 120 Myr 2021B-0397 GEM-S GEM-SQ 1.51
Tollerud, Erik Space Telescope Science Institute Tying Loose Threads: Gemini Follow-up of Candidate SAGA Satellite Galaxies Around Milky Way Analog 2021B-0370 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.72
Torres-Alba, Nuria Clemson University The Host-Jet Connection in Galaxy Mergers 2021B-0105 GEM-N GEM-NQ 0.7
Torres, Guillermo Center for Astrophysics $vert$ Harvard & Smithsonian Refining the Mass-Luminosity Relation in the Hyades Cluster 2021B-0008 MtWilson CHARA 3
Torres, Guillermo Center for Astrophysics $vert$ Harvard & Smithsonian Dynamical masses, radii, and age of Castor A and B 2021B-0009 MtWilson CHARA 2
Treister, Ezequiel Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Hidden Mergers in Luminous Obscured AGN 2021B-0247 GEM-S GEM-SQ 1
Trilling, David Northern Arizona University Spatially resolved imaging of a Near Earth Object with Gemini's Zorro speckle camera 2021B-0391 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.2
Trumbo, Samantha Caltech (Geo. and Planetary) A Search for Temporal Variability in Ganymede's Condensed O2 2021B-0394 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.47
Turri, Paolo University of British Columbia Spatially-resolved dynamics in the most luminous known galaxy in the Universe 2021B-0414 GEM-N GEM-NQ 0.3
Van Roestel, Joannes California Institute of Technology A study of the population of outbursting AM CVn binaries 2021B-0358 GEM-N GEM-NQ 1.41
Van Roestel, Joannes California Institute of Technology A study of the population of outbursting AM CVn binaries 2021B-0358 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.14
Verbiscer, Anne University of Virginia Saturn's Irregular Satellites at True Opposition 2021B-0330 CTIO SOAR 5
Vissapragada, Shreyas California Institute of Technology The Atmospheric and Dynamical Evolution of a Sub-Neptune Progenitor 2021B-0276 KPNO WIYNQ 1
Vissapragada, Shreyas California Institute of Technology What is the Mass-Loss Rate of the Tidally-Decaying Hot Jupiter WASP-12b? 2021B-0283 KPNO WIYNQ 1.06
Vos, Johanna American Museum of Natural History Mapping Evolving Atmospheric Structures in a Brown Dwarf 2021B-0365 GEM-S GEM-SQ 1.08
Wagner, Kevin University of Arizona Imaging Protoplanets and Planet-Induced Disk Structures in a Newly Imaged Protoplanetary Disk 2021B-0166 GEM-N GEM-NQ 0.4
Walter, Frederick Stony Brook University RU Lupi? High Dispersion Spectroscopy Simultaneously with HST/ULYSSES UV Monitoring 2021B-0066 CTIO 1.5m-SVC 1.3
Welsh, Louise Durham University Detecting the first ultra metal-poor DLA 2021B-0075 Keck Keck-I 1
Winters, Jennifer Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Searching the Nearby M Dwarfs for Stellar Companions at Solar System Separations 2021B-0351 GEM-N GEM-NQ 2
Winters, Jennifer Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Searching the Nearby M Dwarfs for Stellar Companions at Solar System Separations 2021B-0351 GEM-S GEM-SQ 2
Wong, Ian Massachusetts Institute of Technology Long-term RV monitoring of the benchmark multiplanet system TOI 618 2021B-0336 CTIO 1.5m-SVC 1
Worseck, Gabor Universitat Potsdam The First Measurement of the Distribution of Quasar Lifetimes with the HeII Proximity Effect 2021B-0117 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.06
Wright, Duncan University of Queensland Resolving stellar activity surface features of quiescent stars with eclipsing binaries 2021B-0321 KPNO WIYNQ 0.4
Xu, Siyi NSF's National Optical Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory Characterizing Infrared Excesses around White Dwarfs 2021B-0270 GEM-N GEM-NQ 0.84
Xu, Siyi NSF's National Optical Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory Characterizing Infrared Excesses around White Dwarfs 2021B-0270 GEM-S GEM-SQ 0.59
Yan, Haojing University of Missouri, Columbia DECam Imaging of the Akari Deep Field South 2020B-0021 CTIO 4m 2
Yang, Yujin Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute Spectroscopic Confirmation of a Large Sample of Lyman Alpha Nebulae 2021B-0420 GEM-S GEM-SQ 1.21
Ye, Quanzhi University of Maryland A DECam Survey for Mini Sungrazing Comets 2020B-0298 CTIO 4m 3
Yee, Samuel Princeton University The TESS Grand Unified Hot Jupiter Survey 2021B-0152 CTIO 1.5m-SVC 5
Yee, Samuel Princeton University The TESS Grand Unified Hot Jupiter Survey 2021B-0152 KPNO WIYNQ 2
Yee, Samuel Princeton University The TESS Grand Unified Hot Jupiter Survey 2021B-0162 Keck Keck-I 0.5
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Approved Indiana Programs

PI Institution Proposal Title Prop. ID Site Tel. Nts.
Deliyannis, Constantine Indiana University Stellar Physics via Li in NGC 2194 and M41 2021B-0451 KPNO WIYN 3.5
Pilachowski, Catherine Indiana University Deuterium in Metal-Poor Stars 2021B-0417 KPNO WIYNQ 1
Pilachowski, Catherine Indiana University Multiple Populations in Old Star Systems with WHIRC 2021B-0433 KPNO WIYN 3
Sieben, Jennifer Indiana University SFACT: A Deep Narrow-Band Imaging Survey with WIYN 2021B-0449 KPNO WIYN 10.5
van Zee, Liese Indiana University Ionized Gas Kinematics and the Chemical Evolution of Nearby Galaxies 2021B-0083 KPNO WIYN 4
Wang, Songhu Indiana University Are Multi-Planetary Systems Spin-Orbit Aligned? 2021B-0440 KPNO WIYNQ 8
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Approved Penn State Programs

PI Institution Proposal Title Prop. ID Site Tel. Nts.
Canas, Caleb Pennsylvania State University How low can you go? Constraining the mass of puffy planets orbiting M dwarfs with NEID 2021B-0438 KPNO WIYNQ 1
Dong, Jiayin Pennsylvania State University Radial Velocity Follow-Up of Warm, Large Exoplanets Discovered in Year 2 Full-Frame Images 2021B-0448 KPNO WIYNQ 1.05
Gupta, Arvind Pennsylvania State University TESS False Positive and Stellar Multiplicity Vetting with NESSI 2021B-0441 KPNO WIYNQ 0.7
Gupta, Arvind Pennsylvania State University Radial Velocity Follow-up Observations of TESS Single-Transit Planet Candidates 2021B-0442 KPNO WIYNQ 1.94
Kanodia, Shubham Pennsylvania State University Exploring the M dwarf exoplanet Mass-Radius Relationship with NEID and TESS 2021B-0435 KPNO WIYNQ 1.925
Lin, Andrea Pennsylvania State University Searching for Nearby Exoplanets Around K-dwarfs with NEID 2021B-0439 KPNO WIYNQ 2.935
Wright, Jason Pennsylvania State University Casting our NETS: the NEID Earth Twin Survey 2021B-0450 KPNO WIYNQ 7.7
  17.25

 

 

Approved Purdue Programs

PI Institution Proposal Title Prop. ID Site Tel. Nts.
Lee, Soo Purdue University First Comprehensive Characterization of Lya Escape Fraction 2021B-0443 KPNO WIYN 1
Milisavljevic, Danny Purdue University Precise Distance Estimates to Nearby Supernova Remnants 2021B-0454 KPNO WIYNQ 0.5
Milisavljevic, Danny Purdue University NEID High Resolution Spectroscopy of Transients 2021B-0455 KPNO WIYNQ 1.5
Peterson, John Purdue University Weak Lensing in Clusters of Galaxies with PhoSim 2021B-0434 KPNO WIYN 1.5
  4.5

 

 

Approved Wisconsin Programs

PI Institution Proposal Title Prop. ID Site Tel. Nts.
Kotulla, Ralf University of Wisconsin, Madison Star formation in the extreme outskirts of nearby galaxies 2021B-0452 KPNO WIYN 3
Linck, Evan University of Wisconsin, Madison A Study of Binary Populations and Alternative Pathways of Stellar Evolution in Open Clusters 2021B-0446 KPNO WIYN 8
Timbie, Peter University of Wisconsin, Madison A Spectroscopic Galaxy Redshift Survey Near the NCP 2021B-0453 KPNO WIYN 3
  14

 

 

Approved UC Irvine Programs

PI Institution Proposal Title Prop. ID Site Tel. Nts.
Beard, Corey University of California, Irvine Simultaneous Observations of Kepler Objects With TESS and NEID 2021B-0447 KPNO WIYNQ 3.2
Lubin, Jack University of California, Irvine Rossiter-McLaughlin Measurements of a Transiting Terrestrial Planet orbiting HD 219134 2021B-0436 KPNO WIYNQ 0.6
Robertson, Paul University of California, Irvine GarNEID: the NEID M dwarf exoplanet survey 2021B-0437 KPNO WIYNQ 3.7
  7.5

 

 

Approved Testing and Engineering Programs

PI Institution Proposal Title Prop. ID Site Tel. Nts.
Schweiker, Heidi NSF's National Optical Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory T&E for Summer Shutdown 2021B-2004 KPNO WIYN 33
Schweiker, Heidi NSF's National Optical Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory T&E 2021B-2005 KPNO WIYN 6
Schweiker, Heidi NSF's National Optical Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory T&E 2021B-2006 KPNO WIYN 4
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Programs: 229
Nights: 675.0725

Updated on February 14, 2023, 5:49 am