Images of the Week 2021

24 March 2021: A gathering of telescopes perch near the summit of Maunakea, a dormant volcano on Hawai‘i Island with an elevation of 4207 meters (13,803 feet), making it an ideal location for astronomical observations. Nearly centered under the rising full Moon is Gemini North, the northern member of the international Gemini Observatory, a Program of NSF NOIRLab. Its twin telescope, Gemini South, has its home in Chile. The two telescopes are practically identical, each with an impressive 8-meter primary mirror to collect light. Whilst the twin telescopes will never meet, their separation serves a purpose — between them, they can observe almost the entirety of the night sky. The skies of the northern hemisphere are the realm of Gemini North.

17 March 2021: The three buildings featured in this image house an important trio of telescopes: the SMARTS 1.0-meter Telescope, the Curtis Schmidt Telescope, and the Víctor M. Blanco 4-meter Telescope (far right). They are situated at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, a Program of NSF NOIRLab. Clustered under the extraordinarily vivid sky, this telescope team is poised for action. The Blanco has actually been active since 1976. It is an optical telescope, which means that it collects light with similar wavelengths to that seen by the human eye. The lens in a human eye only has a diameter of about 1 cm, but the 4-meter primary mirror in the Blanco collects a whopping 160,000 times as much light as the human eye does.

10 March 2021: The blackness of space is punctuated by bright dots. This image could almost be mistaken for a particularly detailed shot of the night sky as seen from Earth, full of stars. Appearances, however, can be deceptive. This image was taken from Earthʻs southern hemisphere, but the bright dots are not stars — they are galaxies. In fact, the distinctive, ring-shaped galaxy on the right is LEDA 14884. This image was built up using data from the Dark Energy Survey, an ambitious project which mapped hundreds of millions of galaxies across the Universe. This was done using the Dark Energy Camera (DECam), an instrument built by the Department of Energy and mounted at the Víctor M. Blanco 4-meter Telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO), a Program of NSF NOIRLab. Looking at this incredible image, with its thousands of wildly diverse galaxies, it is mind-boggling to recall that only about 100 …

3 March 2021: On 2 March 2021 at Vera C. Rubin Observatory in Chile, the top-end assembly for the telescope was lowered through the observatory enclosure by a giant, 500-ton capacity crane. The top-end assembly holds the 3.5-meter convex secondary mirror and the giant 3-ton LSST Camera. The camera optics consist of three large fused-silica lenses and a set of astronomical filters. The installation of the top-end is an important step in the completion of the Telescope Mount Assembly, which will hold and precisely position the 8.4-meter diameter main mirror called M1M3 (which doubles as both primary and tertiary mirror) and the top end assembly. Rubin’s innovative optical design is needed to deliver a whopping 3.5-degree field of view on the sky which illuminates the huge 60-centimeter (2 feet)-diameter flat focal plane filled with sensors totaling 3200 megapixels. Rubin Observatory and its 10 year survey of the sky will shed light on some …

24 February 2021: The telescopes at Maunakea sit calmly beneath a sky filled with extraordinary light. Amongst these telescopes is Gemini North, the northern member of the international Gemini Observatory, a Program of NSF NOIRLab. Gemini North sits at an altitude of around 4200 meters (13,800 feet). Not only does this altitude facilitate world-class astronomical observations, but Gemini North’s nighttime Cloudcams were able to capture the extraordinary light phenomena seen on the right side of the image. The column of blue and red lights surrounded by a bright blaze of white light appears so otherworldly that it looks like it must be a special effect. This breathtaking image, however, is entirely real. It features the lightning phenomena named a red sprite. Red sprites are distinctive because of their color, and also the direction in which they strike. The red and blue lights are shooting down from 50-90 kilometers toward the top of the …

17 February 2021: A crack team, each with their own remarkable abilities, are gathered together in a remote spot in the Chilean Andes. Together, they will help uncover some of the Universe’s biggest secrets. It sounds like the premise for an exciting superhero movie! But it’s just another day at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO), a Program of NSF NOIRLab, where a collection of remarkable telescopes are situated. The Víctor M. Blanco 4-meter Telescope (far left) is a reflecting telescope, and it has the biggest primary mirror at CTIO. The primary mirror in a reflecting telescope is used to collect light from the night sky, which is then reflected onto another surface inside the telescope. In addition to the team of telescopes surrounding it, the Blanco has a nearly identical twin, the Nicholas U. Mayall 4-meter Telescope. The Mayall is located at Kitt Peak National Observatory, another NOIRLab Program.

10 February 2021: In this Image of the Week the sunrise lights up a snow-capped Maunakea, home to the Maunakea Observatories that include the northern member of the international Gemini Observatory, a Program of NSFʻs NOIRLab. When most people think of Hawai‘i, what comes to mind is a warm and sunny climate. However, during the northern winter months, snow sometimes blankets the two largest mountains on Hawaiʻi Island, Maunakea and Maunaloa, creating captivating winter scenes. Gemini North on Maunakea saw snow on 25 January 2021 and the snow remains even now on 10 February, 2021.

3 February 2021: We typically see photographs of telescopes at night, juxtaposed against a sky full of stars. In this gorgeous sun-drenched image, we glimpse a different side of the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO), a Program of NSF NOIRLab. The early morning Sun bathes the observatory in a warm light. The locale might look inviting, but it actually is not a very friendly environment for humans. Modern observatories are typically built at locations that are “high and dry”. This is because the atmosphere needs to be as thin and arid as possible in order to get the best possible observations. Furthermore, the telescopes must be located far from highly developed areas, in order to avoid light pollution. Therefore observatories such as the CTIO represent concentrations of highly technical buildings in otherwise relatively deserted landscapes.

27 January 2021: The emission nebula Sh2-54 glows brightly in this image from the SMARTS 0.9-meter Telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, a Program of NSF NOIRLab. Gathering the fine details of this particular image required almost twenty minutes of observations and three different wavelength filters. Situated within the constellation of Serpens (The Serpent), Sh2-54 forms part of a much wider nebulosity which includes the famous Eagle Nebula. Serpens is a unique constellation, the only one of the official 88 used today that is split into two unconnected parts: Serpens Caput — the Serpent’s Head — and Serpens Cauda — The Serpent’s Tail.

20 January 2021: At first glance, it looks as though storm clouds are gathering over the Víctor M. Blanco 4-meter Telescope. Situated at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO), a Program of NSF NOIRLab, the Blanco experiences few stormy nights at its location near the arid Chilean Atacama Desert. The dark cloud-like structures pictured here are in fact dusty areas of the Milky Way that absorb visible light. The bright glittering fringes are not lightning, but thousands of stars — just some of the billions within our galaxy.

13 January 2021: The skies over Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO), a Program of NSF NOIRLab, are typically clear and calm, perfect for high quality astronomical observations. On 4 June 1972, however, the night sky was torn apart by a violent summer storm. Luck was not with any astronomers who had hoped to observe that night — but it was with Gary Ladd, an amateur photographer who decided to challenge his photography skills. Ladd was a technical assistant at Kitt Peak, but he happened to have that night off. When the storm rolled in, he walked up to the building that houses the 84-inch telescope (nowadays known as the KPNO 2.1-meter Telescope), and started taking photos. After narrowly escaping lightning strikes, he moved inside the building and took photos out of a window. He had no idea how to correctly approach shooting lightning, and as this was long before the invention of digital …

6 January 2021: The remarkably thin galaxy IC 2233 is featured in this image from the Nicholas U. Mayall 4-meter Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory, a Program of NSF NOIRLab. IC 2233’s needle-thin profile is due to both its structure and its orientation towards Earth. The galaxy’s orientation — known to astronomers as inclination — is almost exactly side-on, making this one of the flattest galaxies known. The exposure of this particular image is deep and the entire field littered with galaxies of various types of inclinations. As well as lying flat from our point of view, IC 2233 also lacks the prominent bulge that fattens the profile of spiral galaxies such as Andromeda and the Milky Way. The wafer-thin profile of this celestial needle has been fascinating observers for nearly 150 years — IC 2233 was first discovered in 1874 by the Welsh amateur astronomer Isaac Roberts, one of the pioneers …